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Dioscorea mexicana
''Dioscorea mexicana'', Mexican yam or ''cabeza de negro'' is a species of yam in the genus ''Dioscorea''.〔(Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families )〕
''Dioscorea mexicana'' is a caudiciform dioscorea having either a partly to completely above-ground dome-shaped caudex with a thick, woody outer layer up to 3 feet(90 cm) in diameter and 8-10 inches(20 to 25 cm) in height. The caudex of ''D. mexicana'' is divided into regular polygonal plates that become protuberant with age, and separated by deep fissures. The vigorous annual vines which may reach 30 feet (9 m) long before dying back in winter, that grow up from the caudex, bear heart-shaped leaves.〔Dortort, Fred(2011). Succulent Plants of the World. Timber Press Inc. pp 220. ISBN 978-0-88192-995-9〕
''Dioscorea mexicana'' ranges from the state of San Luis Potosí in northeastern Mexico south to Panama.〔Téllez V., O. & B. G. Schubert. 1994. 251. Dioscoreaceae. 6: 53–65. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F.〕〔Sosa, V., B. G. Schubert & A. Gómez Pompa. 1987. Dioscoreaceae. Flora de Veracruz 53: 1–46.〕〔Correa A., M.D., C. Galdames & M. Stapf. 2004. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Panamá 1–599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá.〕〔Pérez J., L. A., M. Sousa Sánchez, A. M. Hanan-Alipi, F. Chiang Cabrera & P. Tenorio L. 2005. Vegetación terrestre. 65–110. In J. Bueno, F Álvarez & S. Santiago Biodiversidad del Estado de Tabasco. CONABIO-UNAM, México.〕〔Balick, M. J., M. H. Nee & D.E. Atha. 2000. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden 85: i–ix, 1–246.〕〔Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.〕〔López Patiño, E.J., Szeszko, D.R., Rascala Pérez, J. & Beltrán Retis, A.S. (2012). The flora of the Tenacingo-Malinalco-Zumpahuacán protected natural area, state of Mexico, Mexico. Harvard Papers in Botany 17: 65-167.〕 It is notable for its production of diosgenin, which is a precursor for the synthesis of hormones such as progesterone.〔(ars-grin.gov )〕 Russell Marker developed the extraction and manufacture of hormones from ''D. mexicana'' at Syntex. Later the Mexican barbasco trade focused instead on ''Dioscorea composita'' instead, as this variety has a higher diosgenin content.〔(americanheritage.com )〕
==References==
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